University Guest Lectures

AI adoption Challenges across industry verticals

AI adoption is at its peak and is very much needed for every business to stay relevant, and compete in the market. However, it brings its unique challenges for each industry player. There is a need to be aware about …

responsible.computing() - shaping ways to restore trust in IT by responsibly developing and applying technology

Businesses are on the move to align with the UN's 17 Sustainable Development Goals, and in every country that signed the Paris Agreement, government incentives are being put in place to encourage businesses to act.

These projects represent opportunities for IT …

IT Service Management - future trends

What are the future trends of ITSM from three perspectives - the process, collaborative and integration perspective?
Is there a place for latest ITIL version or is it definitely outdated?
How the cloud technologies adoption changes the ITSM?
The Cognitive …

AI for Breast Cancer Screening

Breast cancer is the second leading cause of cancer-related deaths, and the most commonly diagnosed cancer among women across the world. As treatment options improve, early detection has an increasing impact on mortality, as earlier diagnosis can offer more options …

Quantum computing and Artificial Intelligence

Tendencies in this so interesting crossroads between Quantum Computing and Artificial Inteligence

Design Thinking

In the world we live in today, we are faced with a myriad of complex problems that are best solved with a blended approach of traditional and non-traditional problem solving methods.

Design Thinking offers that sought after blended approach to innovative …

A tale of adversarial attacks & out-of-distribution detection stories

Most deep learning models assume ideal conditions and rely on the assumption that test/production data comes from the in-distribution samples from the training data. However, this assumption is not satisfied in most real-world applications. Test data could differ from the …

Fairness, Explainability & Robustness in Machine Learning

Recent years have seen an overwhelming body of work on fairness and bias in Machine Learning (ML) models. This is not unexpected, as fairness is a complex and multi-faceted concept that depends on context and culture. Particularly in machine learning, …

Towards clinical relevance: Predictive modeling applied to brain imaging

The application of machine learning methods to the increasingly larger observational studies of neurological and psychiatric disorders provides the opportunity of generating individualized assessments for people with a given condition, while also enabling the detection of brain correlates of disease. …

Introduction to Serverless

Developers won't to focus on writing code without having to bother about setting up and managing a server.

Serverless Architecture provide a platform for developer to host their application without having to bother about scaling, configuring and managing a server.

Ethics in AI: Building a Fair and Responsible AI

AI is being adopted for high stakes decisions, susceptible to cognitive bias like loan decision, admission decision, hiring decision.

It is important that AI engineers and designers avoid introducing bias into our AI models to ensure that AI decision are …

Designing Usable AI Application

AI is a complex technology but it is important that we design a human-friendly AI that is usable, fair and explainable.
Using Design Thinking for AI, we can design with the users and stakeholder a more usable and responsible AI

IBM Ponder This And Other Challenges

Challenges provide fun and happiness.

They provide a way to feel busy and a way to feel part of a Community when you know other people all over the world or next door are trying to find the same key …

Optimization : Doing more with less

AI and data science are all around but in many use cases they’re not enough since they provide insight and forecast but not the "what should we do next?".

That is the purpose of decision optimization aka prescriptive analytics or …

Actionable intelligence for advance investigations

From a society of the object to a society of action, the world today thinks of itself in networks, and analysis in links. This new situation leads to a review of the information processing chain.
This lecture is an answer to …

Analyse & renseignement : initiation et présentation

Passé d’une société de l’objet à une société de l’action, le monde se pense aujourd’hui en réseaux, et l’analyse en liens. Cette nouvelle situation conduit à revoir la chaîne du traitement de l’information.
Cette lecture est une réponse à toutes les …

Supplier Diversity Insights

Provided insights into IBM's Supplier Diversity program, definition of a diverse business, challenges and success stories

to students at University of Fribourg, Switzerland - American College Program

Holistic automation approach with Digital Business Automation @ IBM

Lecture on the holistic automation approach @ IBM with the Digital Business Automation / Cloud Pak for Automation platform.

Cybersecurity Operations Law & Policy

This lecture introduces law students to legal aspects of US government cyberspace operations by examining international law and norms and US law and policy. Full spectrum cyberspace operations are conducted by multiple disciplines, each with their own and sometime overlapping …

Cybersecurity Law & Policy

This lecture introduces law students to legal aspects of US government cyberspace operations by examining international law and norms and US law and policy. Full spectrum cyberspace operations are conducted by multiple disciplines, each with their own and sometime overlapping …

Digital Transformation: 9 years of business astuteness

Organizations with digital mastery are the nirvana for all those involved in Digital Transformation, due to superior business execution and results. This type of astuteness deals with aligning organization's capabilities to an improved business value proposition, leveraged by the use …

Enterprise Design Thinking

Teaching and facilitating IBM Enterprise Design Thinking.

The lecture is focusing on methods, tools, co-creation and how IBM use Design Thinking in every project and process.
The lecture can be between 2-6 hours. The participants will both have theory but …

The Smart Electric Power Grid - Internet of Things for the World's Largest Machine

According to the Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers, the electric power grid is the largest machine. The increased reliability on electric power for digital life, as well as transportation, has been driving smart grid for the last 15 years. …

Using Python to tackle Data Science challenges

This lecture makes the link between the profession of the Data Scientist, with the practical application using Python and its visualization libraries. So, not only the data collection and manipulation aspects are discussed, but also the analysis and visualization tasks …

Numérique responsable, Design durable et éco-conception web

En 2019, le numérique a émis deux fois plus de gaz à effet de serre que l’ensemble du trafic aérien mondial.

Et pourtant, son impact environnemental est bien souvent sous-estimé car peu visible face aux multiples avantages et bénéfices dont on …

How big data & artificial intelligence solutions deeply transform enterprises business to enhancing client experience & operation efficiency

The digital transformation of any business should lead to developing an enhanced client experience, an improved operation effectiveness while transforming the company internally to be more agile and quickly adapt to new customer demand. One of The key challenges to …

Teletrabajo

Los países desarrollados sostienen su crecimiento basado en la aplicación y planificación de la tecnología por lo que no podemos dejar de ver la influencia de las TIC en el ámbito laboral mundial.
La era de la aparición de la electrónica …

How to establish a new market positioning with service transformation in equipment management

Learn how to use equipment management as a door opener towards a new market positioning for a company's product-to-services transformation. Learn about technical challenges and business risks and how to overcome them along specific industry examples and case studies.

Establish an operational enterprise transformation program to step-wise transform into a cognitive enterprise

As more and more companies struggle in managing transformational programs and continuously applying new technological capabilities to their business in order to create value, the need for a comprehensive yet acceptable implementation strategy consolidates.
A digitalization strategy with a strong …

How to accelerate innovation with Design Thinking and Agile Development

Learn how to practically apply design thinking and agile development methods in product development and innovation management. The course gives real project examples and hands-on exercises to apply design thinking and agile development methods.

The Why, What and How of Digital Reinvention. And the 30+ shots we have made in the Journey of promoting, selling and delivering it in Nordics

Presentation originally delivered to Nordic Technical Council (TEC) 2017. Main sections including:

Why: Strategic context
Selected materials from IBM Global C-suite study 2015
Example from the Swedish retail ecosystem

What: IBM Digital Reinvention™ Framework
Seven drivers
Blended iterative strategy & technology process – …

Resource-based strategy and Component Business Modelling

09:15 Introduction
09:25 Component Business Modelling: an introduction
09:40 Component Business Modelling: an application (case)

Resource-based strategy theory: Theory - Research - Consulting

- Point of departure and key concepts
- Process perspectives and dynamic approaches
- Ideas on empirical RBV-inspired studies
- Examples from one empirical study: E-business capability

Client Case Lecture: Vasaloppet - Changing the customer offering in response to the corona pandemic

During 2020, the Corona Pandemic was an unexpected event affecting the world, Sweden and Vasaloppet. Consequences were severe at the point of writing this summary, only time will tell the final social and economic effects.
Due to lead-times and participants’ …

Client Case Lecture: How to Become an Experience Leader (Pierce)

This lecture is about the Experience Leader project that IBM Sweden conducted for Pierce during four weeks in Aug and Sep 2017. The full report delivered to PLT on Sep 8th includes details from the Digital Reinvention maturity assessment, comprehensive …

Business Models and Strategy (based on the book with the same name)

--- Presentation delivered in context of Swedish book launch in Feb 2020 and at international launch in Oct 2020 ---

Reasons for writing the book
Overview of chapters 1-6
Deep-dive in chapter 2: Business Model Framework
Deep-dive in chapter 3: What is strategy; …

The Strategy Club 12: Problems with Strategy

14:00 Introduction & Context
14:15 Problem with Strategy: Gross list
14:30 Design Thinking: Empathy map (emphasizing with strategy consultants)
15:15 Summary & Conclusions
15:30 End

The Strategy Club 11: Mission->Vision->Goals->Strategy->TOM->Execution->KPIs

15:00 Introduction
15:15 Mission, Vision, Goals
15:45 Strategy & Target Operating Model (TOM)
16:00 Execution & KPIs
16:15 The Big Picture: How it all fits together
< 16:30 End

The Strategy Club 10: Strategic Management and Economic Analysis

13:00 Introduction
13:15 Strategic Management and Economic Analysis
13:30 The toolbox: Ways of working, methods and approaches
13:45 Cases from our practice
14:15 Discussion
14:30 End

The Strategy Club 9: Digital Strategy

13:00 Introduction: What is "Digital" and what is Strategy?
13:15 Digital strategy from a business model perspective
14:00 Typical digital opportunities and challenges

The Strategy Club 8: How IBM does strategy

15:00 Introduction and context
15:10 How IBM does strategy
15:50: Q&A
16:00 Club discussion and conclusions

- This session on special request only and run together with Ian Watson, GBS Global Strategy

The Strategy Club 7: Level-two Strategies

16:30 Introduction and Context
16:45 Level-two strategies, what are they?
17:05 Examples and discussion
17:45 Conclusions
< 18:00 End

The Strategy Club 6: Strategy Processes - How to run them

16:30 Introduction and Context
16:45 Who run strategy processes and why?
17:05 How to run strategy processes
17:45 How to get traction
< 18:00 End

The Strategy Club 5: Business Models and Value Creation

16:30 Introduction and Context
16:40 What is a Business Model?
17:00 Fundamental modes of Value Creation
17:50 So what?
< 18:00 End

The Strategy Club 4: Customer Offering and Value Proposition

16:30 Introduction & Context
16:40 Customer Offering and Value Proposition
17:20 Tools to develop, clarify and redefine Customer Offerings and Value Propositions
17:50 So what?
18:00 End

The Strategy Club 3: Resource-based Strategy

16:45 Introduction to resource-based strategy

17:25 So what – application through CBM

< 18:00 End

The Strategy Club 2: Industry Analysis

16:30 Intro
16:50 Premises of the Industry Point of View
17:05 Industry Analysis framework: Five Forces
- Video
- Overview of the five fores
17:30 Case discussion
- Group analysis of industry forces
- The Strategy Club's synthesis regarding industry analysis
< 18:00 End

The Strategy Club 1: What is Strategy?

16:30 Introduction and platform sketch

16:45 What is Strategy?

17:15 Case: IBM's transformation
- 5 min introduction to the case
- 20 min discussion and comments
- 5 min what happened?

17:45 Summary and ideas

What is it like to hold a PhD and work in Industry?

Agenda:
- What we have in common
- Career
- Making use of a PhD in industry Over- and ’underlaps’: Exploitation vs Exploration
- Poem

Join Consulting - See the World

--- Lecture given multiple times to students at Master's level in Strategic Management and Information Systems ---

13:15 Intro
13:25 Digital Reinvention and e commerce Business Models - The Pierce case: How to become an Experience Leader
13:45 The Glamour of Management …

IBM i Architecture

The basic architecture of IBM i was inspired by the design of the IBM S/38 and S/36 and was first implemented in the OS/400 operating system of the Application Systems 400 (short AS/400) in 1988. Although many innovations have been …

DevOps + ITIL

Die Studierenden lernen die Ansätze ITIL und DevOps kennen. Sie kennen die Vor- und Nachteile beider Ansätze und können sie bewerten. Weiterhin kennen sie die Unterschiede und können klar analysieren und entscheiden, wann welcher Ansatz zu welchem Zweck am besten …

ITIL+DevOps

Die Studierenden lernen die Ansätze ITIL und DevOps kennen. Sie kennen die Vor- und Nachteile beider Ansätze und können sie bewerten. Weiterhin kennen sie die Unterschiede und können klar analysieren und entscheiden, wann welcher Ansatz zu welchem Zweck am besten …

Technology supporting the transition to sustainable business models and practices

How technologies such as Cloud, AI, IoT, and Blockchain, are essential resources to enable a transition to a sustainable economy.
Each industry must take into account in one way or another its environmental impact and find solutions to preserve the planet …

Business transformation & IT Trends

Lecture provides introduction into the topic of Business transformation and how companies can approach it, types of transformation along with practical examples. Presentation of actual IT trends which can support company transformation such as Automation, AI, Cloud, IoT.

Innovation opportunities through the Cloud

This lecture represents an overview of the emerging opportunities related to the Cloud to create innovation. Three aspects are analyzed in details: the Hybrid multi cloud management, the microservices approach and the DevOps. I go through the main aspects, the …

Creación del servicio de Machine Learning, y de un modelo predictivo usando AutoAI en Watson Studio

Este video muestra los pasos a seguir para crear una instancia de machine learning y el servicio de Auto AI, también conocido como el servicio de: automatic artificial intelligence, el cual tomará el set de datos y a partir de …

Creación de la Infraestructura Inicial en Watson Studio

Este video muestra los pasos a seguir para crear por primera vez un ambiente de trabajo dentro de IBM Cloud.
Elegiendo el plan Lite, se podrá acceder a multiples funcionalidades en forma totalmente GRATUITA.

Este 1er video se puede acceder a través …

Going virtual

El mundo virtual requiere de una nueva aproximación al modo en que nos comunicamos con nuestros colegas, clientes y asociados. Exploremos algunas ideas y mejores practicas para sesiones virtuales efectivas que van mas alla de simplemente replicar una presentación ya …

Protección de datos y respuesta a incidentes

Los datos son el activo más importante para las organizaciones modernas. Cómo protegerlos y responder de forma ágil a los incidentes de seguridad es clave para mantenerse operativo.

Ciberseguridad corporativa

Cómo enfrentar las amenazas de ciberseguridad en el mundo corporativo. Cuáles son las tendencias tecnológicas y cómo IBM puede apoyar en la modernización y protección.

Blockchain para el negocio

La tecnología Blockchain se ha transformado en un elemento disruptor tanto en modelos de negocio existentes como en aquellos aún no pensados. Las características de la tecnología permiten un nivel de colaboración y transparencia tales que habilitan el funcionamiento de …

Economia de las APIs

Reinvencion digital de la mano de las APIs, como las organizaciones generan nuevos modelos de negocio de la mano de las tecnologías de APIs y Cloud.

Transformacion Digital

Reinvencion digital y su impacto en el mundo de los negocios. Como datos, cloud y la inteligencia artificial estan transformando el modo en que las empresas generan valor, capturan nuevos mercados y deleitan a sus clientes. El camino de adopciónn …

Inteligencia artificial y negocios

El valor de la inteligencia artificial en el contexto actual de la cuarta revolucion industrial. Como llegamos aqui, evolucion desde sus origenes. Casos de uso locales y globales, desafíos futuros, perspectivas.

IoT, Cloud and AI Workshop: Build your first cognitive IoT-application

This workshop gives you a first hands-on experience on how to connect an «Internet of Things» (IoT) device to the IBM Cloud. You will use NodeRed and the Watson Services available on the IBM Cloud to build cognitive IoT-applications. The …

The Two Transformations Driving Cybersecurity Forward Today

Cybersecurity has become one of the most pressing topics for every business today, and it is crucial to understand the two transformations that entities must drive to support core security requirements. This lecture details these two transformations - first, the …

The Role of Data and AI in an Enterprise Context V2

While the preferred deployment model for most companies is a (hybrid) cloud solution, one needs to realise that about 80% of the applications or still on -premise. Especially in the larger organisations were traditional IT has been developed over decades …

The Role of Data and AI in an Enterprise Context

While the preferred deployment model for most companies is a (hybrid) cloud solution, one needs to realise that about 80% of the applications or still on -premise. Especially in the larger organisations were traditional IT has been developed over decades …

Blockchain Network Design

The presentation intends to give an overview of the full lifecycle of a blockchain project, starting from applying the right criteria to select a use case over the different types of networks that can be found as well as a …

Data Science with Python

This is a two-parts hands-on training where I walk the audience through the basics coding skills required for Data Science from a Software Engineering perspective. I start playing with Python and its programming paradigm. Then I introduce a few data …

Various HRM lectures

Deendant on the interest I am able to organise customised HRM- and Change Mgt-lectures for both bachelor and master studies

Inteligencia Artificial: Asistentes Virtuales

Visión General de los Asistentes Virtuales.
Los chatbots llegaron para quedarse y hoy en dia son un gran factor de re-invención, dentro y fuera de empresa.
Sus usos son ilimitados, pues evolucionan desde ser Asistentes, primero Informativos, luego Resolutivos y finalmente se …

Inteligencia Artificial: Watson para la Empresa

Visión General de la Inteligencia Artificial, sus capacidades y limitaciones aplicadas a diferentes Industrias y Casos de Uso.
Aplicaciones prácticas en Banca, Retail y Seguros.
Conocer el Catálogo de Servicios IBM Watson en IBM Cloud.
Soluciones: Watson Assistant, Watson Studio, Watson Machine Learning, …

Inteligencia Artificial: Mitos y Realidades

Visión General de la Inteligencia Artificial, sus capacidades y limitaciones. Conversaremos de los aspectos prácticos respecto cómo la empresa aplica estas tecnologías en resolver problemas reales.

Use AI and data for better product delivery and customer loyalty

The end-to-end shopping journey for large-scale appliances is more informed than ever. Yet, more innovation can be made to delivery. More than 28% of large-scale appliance deliveries run into challenges that negatively impact customer satisfaction and retailer costs.

This solution provides …

Cloud en tiempos de pandemia

Una de las principales características de Cloud es la capacidad del pago por uso y la flexibilidad.
En tiempos donde una inversión de largo plazo puede parecer difícil de concretar y donde la creatividad nos insta a buscar nuevas formas de …

Intelligent Simulation - Making HPC Work Smarter not Harder

For a long time, computational scientists have relied on Moore's law (bigger, faster, cheaper) to realize their complex computational workflows on ever more powerful machines. Recently, however, this bastion of the digital world has started to show some cracks - …

Employability in AI: reality vs hype

We will review the impact of technologies on the world of work and how the boom in Artificial Intelligence has influenced the most wanted skills in the labor market. We will share how to polish your experience and talent to …

Text Mining

This lecture introduces overview of text mining technology that enables to utilize huge amounts of textual data for identifying valuable knowledge and taking appropriate actions with some live demonstrations.

AIの分野で人の言葉を扱う処理を自然言語処理と呼び、その応用技術がテキストデータの内容を分析するためのテキストアナリティクスやテキストマイニングである。この技術により、人手ではとても読むことのできない膨大な量のテキストデータの情報を活用できるようになってきた。近年では、書かれている内容だけではなく、筆者の性格までも推定できるようになってきており、データの活用可能性が広がっている。
データの時代を勝ち抜くために、大量のテキスト情報をAIでどう活かせるかをデモを交えて紹介する。

Trustworthy AI put into action

There’s no question about the great potential that AI systems bring to our society. We’ve heard about AI systems identifying cancer tumors, helping to reduce crime as well as predicting traffic accidents. However, we’ve also been made aware of the …

Intelligent Electricity, Water and Gas!

Summary of Energy & Utilities industrial solutions including:

WORKFORCE & ASSET MANAGEMENT
• Asset Predictive Maintenance. Corrosion
• Health, Safety and Environment
• Cognitive Knowledge Management

ENERGY SYSTEM OPTIMIZATION
• Demand Management
• Renewable Energy Forecasting

TRACEABILITY
• Guarantees of Origin
• Energy …

Catalinita y los servicios de IA de Watson

En un tiempo en el que la inteligencia artificial es de uso obligado en el mundo de los negocios del presente y del futuro, Catalinita nos brinda la oportunidad de ponerla al servicio del exigente mundo infantil desde hoy mismo.
Con …

Build your first chatbot using IBM Watson

Learn to make a chatbot using Watson on IBM Cloud

Database Research World Introduction (Material Written in Japanese)

This class provides an introduction to the top-level database research world. Three important research papers from VLDB are explained from the following three aspects.

(1) Database Performance
(2) Database Reliability
(3) Database Design

The topics include column store, data stream processing, schema matching, and …

R&D hand-on for Deep learning with Watson Studio

This is a hand-on lecture (trial for development) for Convolutional neural network with Watson Studio.
We already did this hand-on with around ~100 students in one room.

Contents:
- Introduction of AI
- What is CNN
- Setup Watson Studio
- Build an initial model
- R&D …

Deep learning for computer vision and reinforcement learning

Contexts:
- What is AI.
- What is Deep learning
- Deep learning in Computer vision
- Deep learning in Reinforcement learning

内容
- AIとは何か
- Deep learningとは何か
- 画像処理におけるDeep learning
- 強化学習におけるDeep learning

Language:
日本語 or English
※ Japanese materials are already ready

教師なし学習の数理

# 概要
機械学習やデータマイニングの基礎的な手法及びその利用方法を学ぶ。

# 目的
機械学習を支える数理的な技術を理解することを目的とする。またプログラミングを用いた実習を交えることで、各技術の必要性について実感するとともに実際の挙動を体感し、より深い理解につなげることを目的とする。

# 到達目標
機械学習・データマイニングの基礎的な学習手法（EMアルゴリズムや変分ベイズ法）を理解し実装する能力を身につける。 また未知の事柄に関して自ら主体的に調査し理解する能力を身につける。

# 履修上の注意
- 線形代数、微分積分、統計学を履修していることを前提とする。特に以下のキーワードに関する知識が最低限必要である: 固有値、固有ベクトル、トレース、ノルム、多変量正規分布、最尤推定
- プログラミングは主に Python で行う。一般的なプログラミング言語の基礎知識は仮定するが、わかりづらい点に関しては適宜補足を行う。特に以下のキーワードに関する知識が最低限必要である: for文、if文、while文、オブジェクト指向、クラス、オブジェクト
- 授業中にプログラミングを行うのでノートパソコンを持参すること。

# 準備学習・復習
同じトピックの講義・実習を複数回に分けて行うため、各回でわからなかったことを調べたり質問したりして二時間程度の予習・復習を行うこと。 特にプログラミングに関しては、自ら試行錯誤を行いプログラムの挙動を確認することを通じて主体的に理解を深めることが必要である。

# 授業計画

1. ガイダンス・機械学習概論
2. Python の基本的な使い方
3. Pythonを使った統計・線形代数の復習(1)
4. Pythonを使った統計・線形代数の復習(2)
5. Pythonを使った統計・線形代数の復習(3)
6. Pythonを使った統計・線形代数の復習(4)
7. 混合モデルとEMアルゴリズムとその実装 (1)
8. 混合モデルとEMアルゴリズムとその実装 (2)
9. 混合モデルとEMアルゴリズムとその実装 (3)
10. 混合モデルとEMアルゴリズムとその実装 (4)
11. トピックモデルと変分ベイズアルゴリズムとその実装(1)
12. トピックモデルと変分ベイズアルゴリズムとその実装(2)
13. トピックモデルと変分ベイズアルゴリズムとその実装(3)
14. 予備

https://github.com/kanojikajino/lecture

Physical Fitness: Responses and Adaptations and its Contribution to Well-Being - An Overview

Provide an overview of Exercise Physiology and the importance of Physical Fitness for improving general health and the mechanisms which lead to responses and adaptations of the body following exercise.

Technische Grundlagen der Digitalisierung

Die Vorlesung behandelt die Grundlagen der Digitalierung, untergliedert in die Bereiche: Einführung und Entwicklung des Internet, Information und deren Kodierung, Technische Grundlagen und Technologien des WWW. Gesamtzeitbedarf 20-25 Stundent, aber die Inhalten können bei Bedarf auch individuell zusammen gestellt werden. …

How to develop creativity thanks to the use of Design Thinking method?

I deploy several work session with students in master degree to help them to define the topic of their research studies mixing RH and digital matters.

I use design thinking approach to help them to reach this goal using activities like:
- …

Quantum Computing and IBM Quantum: An Introduction

Quantum computers hold the promise of solving entirely new categories of problems that are beyond the reach of today’s most powerful computers. This lecture will introduce quantum computing, what makes it different from classical computers, what are the typical first …

Jumpstart on building clever assistants (chatbots)

Virtual Assistants, a more advanced chatbots, are getting popular as automated customer touchpoints. During this workshop we will get to know the basic building blocks of chatbots - intents, entities, dialog and context. These blocks are nowadays considered to be …